Modern Pediatrics. Ukraine. (2026).4(156): 105-118. doi: 10.15574/SP.2026.4(156).105118
Абатуров О. Є., Самсоненко С. В.
Дніпровський державний медичний університет, Україна

Для цитування: Абатуров ОЄ, Самсоненко СВ. (2026). Патогенетична роль клітинної сенесценції при ювенільному ідіопатичному артриті та системному червоному вовчаку: наративний огляд літератури. Сучасна педіатрія. Україна. 4(156): 105-118. doi: 10.15574/SP.2026.4(156).105118.
Стаття надійшла до редакції 10.03.2026 р., прийнята до друку 12.05.2026 р.

За даними епідеміологічних досліджень, рівень поширеності системних аутоімунних захворювань (САЗ) щорічно зростає, а в дитячій нозологічній структурі провідне місце стабільно посідають ювенільний ідіопатичний артрит (ЮІА), системний червоний вовчак (СЧВ) і ювенільний дерматоміозит. Незважаючи на впровадження біологічної і таргетної хворобомодифікуючої терапії, хронічне запалення і ризик інфекційних ускладнень залишаються актуальною проблемою, що зумовлює пошук нових патогенетично обґрунтованих підходів, зокрема, пов’язаних із механізмами імуносенесценції.
Мета – оцінити вплив клітинної сенесценції на розвиток ЮІА та СЧВ; визначити її клінічну значущість щодо активності патологічного процесу, резистентності до терапії і прогнозу перебігу захворювання.
Наративний огляд літератури з елементами систематичного пошуку за рекомендаціями PRISMA 2020. Прозапальні цитокіни (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) є основними тригерами сенесценції імуноцитів і тканинних клітин. При ЮІА процес носить переважно локальний характер (синовія). Сенесцентні фібробласти і Т-клітини продукують TNF-α, IL-6, матриксні металопротеїнази, що призводить до ураження суглобів. При СЧВ сенесценція системна. Передчасне старіння спостерігається в імуноцитів, у тому числі B-клітин, подоцитів, ендотелію, мікроглії, що реалізується в розвитку люпус-нефриту та ураження центральної нервової системи. Маркери сенесценції (p16INK4a, p21CIP1, SA-β-gal, вкорочення теломер) є перспективними біомаркерами активності та прогнозу аутоімунних хвороб.
Висновки. Клітинна сенесценція є важливим чинником, що супроводжує несприятливий перебіг ЮІА та СЧВ. Перспективним напрямом підтримання ремісії може стати застосування сенолітиків і сеномодифікаторів. Необхідні подальші педіатричні дослідження для валідації біомаркерів і терапевтичних мішеней.
Автори заявляють про відсутність конфлікту інтересів.
Ключові слова: клітинна сенесценція, ювенільний ідіопатичний артрит, системний червоний вовчак, імуностаріння, секреторний фенотип, асоційований зі старінням (SASP), p16^INK4a, p21^CIP1, сенолітики, сеноморфіки.

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