Journal Health of Woman. 2025. 1(176): 71-82. doi: 10.15574/HW.2025.1(176).7182

Дука Ю. М., Дука Д. Р.
Дніпровський державний медичний університет, Україна

Для цитування: Дука ЮМ, Дука ДР. (2025). Роль мелатоніну в реалізації репродуктивних планів жінки: від менархе до фізіологічного перебігу гестаційного процесу (огляд літератури). Український журнал Здоров'я жінки. 1(176): 71-82. doi: 10.15574/HW.2025.1(176).7182.
Стаття надійшла до редакції 19.11.2024 р.; прийнята до друку 26.02.2025 р.

Індоламіновий гормон мелатонін із багатьма фізіологічними та біологічними функціями сьогодні розглядається як важливий і необхідний гормон під час вагітності. Мелатонін є антиоксидантом, протизапальним засобом, поглиначем вільних радикалів, регулятором циркадних ритмів і гормоном сну.
Мета – аналіз сучасних даних щодо вивчення впливу мелатоніну на репродуктивну функцію, перебіг вагітності та розвиток плода, питань призначення екзогенного мелатоніну в акушерстві та гінекології.
Нещодавні дослідження показали, що плацента здатна синтезувати власний мелатонін, який діє як антиоксидант і протизапальний засіб, забезпечуючи стабільне середовище як для матері, так і для плоду. Завдяки його антиоксидантним властивостям підтримується цілісність плаценти. При фізіологічній вагітності імунна система матері постійно змінюється, а мелатонін діє як ключовий протизапальний чинник, який регулює імунний гомеостаз на ранніх і пізніх термінах вагітності. Надлишкове утворення метаболітів кисню та азоту є важливими медіаторами пошкодження клітин і тканин. Саме мелатонін, який легко переноситься з материнського кровообігу до плоду, може бути захисним чинником, який дасть змогу запобігти пошкодженню вільними радикалами плоду та сприятиме кращим перинатальним наслідкам. Доведено, що антиоксидантні властивості мелатоніну допоможуть оптимізувати репродуктивну фізіологію вагітних жінок, усуваючи небажані окисно-нітрозативні реакції у клітинах яєчників, матки та плаценти. Зауважено, що мелатонін є важливим чинником для перебігу ранніх термінів вагітності, для нормального розвитку та функціонування плаценти. Визначено, що циркадне виділення цього гормону бере участь у корекції різних патологічних станів, що виникають під час вагітності: диссомній, прееклампсії, пароксизмальних еклампсичних розладів. Зазначено, що екзогенне поповнення мелатоніну у вагітних жінок сприяє регресу порушень сну, прееклампсії, затримці росту плода і нормалізації рівня кортикостерону надниркових залоз.
Автори заявляють про відсутність конфлікту інтересів.
Ключові слова: мелатонін, антиоксидант, репродуктивна функція, вагітність, гестаційні ускладнення, передчасні пологи, невиношування вагітності.

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