Modern Pediatrics. Ukraine. (2022). 6(126): 101-108. doi 10.15574/SP.2022.126.101
Марушко Ю. В., Єсипова С. І., Гищак Т. В., Бойко Н. С.
Національний медичний університет імені О.О. Богомольця, м. Київ, Україна

Для цитування: Марушко ЮВ, Єсипова СІ, Гищак ТВ, Бойко НС. (2022). Забезпеченість вітаміном D та вплив його дефіциту на перебіг алергічних захворювань у дітей. Сучасна педіатрія. Україна. 6(126): 101-108. doi 10.15574/SP.2022.126.101.
Стаття надійшла до редакції 08.07.2022 р., прийнята до друку 20.10.2022 р.

Поширеність алергічної патології значно зростає як у дорослих, так і в дітей, водночас із цим проблема дефіциту вітаміну D залишається досі актуальною. Слід зауважити, що в роботах останніх років виявлено тісний зв’язок між дефіцитом вітаміну D і розвитком алергічних захворювань у дітей. Окрім ролі в метаболізмі кісток і кальцію, недавні спостереження показали його можливу роль як імуномодулятора при алергічних захворюваннях. Це пов’язано з наявністю рецепторів вітаміну D в більшості клітин людського організму. Однією з найважливіших функцій вітаміну D є модулювання реакції імунної системи, як вродженої, так і адаптивної. Наразі немає єдиної думки про можливі механізми участі вітаміну D в патогенезі алергії. Вважається, що роль вітаміну D в патогенезі алергічних захворювань зумовлена його регулюючою дією на імунну систему, участю в протимікробному захисті та забезпеченні бар’єрної функції шкіри та слизових. У зв’язку з цим значну увагу приділяють вивченню ролі вітаміну D в розвитку та перебігу алергічних захворювань у дітей.
Мета – узагальнити дані наукових публікацій щодо біологічної ролі вітаміну D і впливу його дефіциту на перебіг алергічних захворювань у дітей.
Результати та висновки. У більшості наукових досліджень встановлено несприятливий вплив дефіциту вітаміну D на алергічний процес. Виявлено недостатній рівень 25(OH)D у сироватці крові у дітей з астмою, алергічним ринітом, атопічним дерматитом і харчовою алергією. Рядом авторів виявлено зв’язок між статусом вітаміну D та ризиком розвитку і загострення або показниками тяжчого перебігу алергічного захворювання. Водночас іншими дослідниками заперечено такий зв’язок. Незважаючи на суперечливість даних літератури, можна зазначити вагому роль вітаміну D у розвитку і перебігу алергічних захворювань у дітей.
Автори заявляють про відсутність конфлікту інтересів.
Ключові слова: вітамін D, діти, дефіцит, алергічні захворювання.
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