Modern Pediatrics. Ukraine. (2024). 8(144): 95-106. doi: 10.15574/SP.2024.8(144).95106
Абатуров О. Є., Токарєва Н. М., Кривуша О. Л.
Дніпровський державний медичний університет, Україна

Для цитування: Абатуров ОЄ, Токарєва НМ, Кривуша ОЛ. (2024). Медикаментозна профілактика респіраторно-синцитіальної вірусної інфекції в теперішньому і майбутньому. Сучасна педіатрія. Україна. 8(144): 95-106. doi: 10.15574/SP.2024.8(144).95106.
Стаття надійшла до редакції 03.07.2024 р., прийнята до друку 10.12.2024 р.

Респіраторно-синцитіальний вірус (RSV) є одним із найпоширеніших респіраторних вірусних агентів та основною причиною інфекційних захворювань нижніх дихальних шляхів у дітей і людей похилого віку, які мають несприятливий результат. На жаль, сучасні вітчизняні рекомендації щодо лікування хворих на RSV-інфекцію (RSVI) обмежуються переважно патогенетичною і симптоматичною терапією. Натомість увага науковців приділяється розробленню нових лікарських засобів, які інгібують активність різних вірусних протеїнів і поверхневих рецепторних молекул епітеліоцитів респіраторного тракту.
Мета – надати огляд основних поточних і майбутніх стратегій профілактики RSVI.
Високу ефективність має медикаментозна профілактика RSV-інфікування, яку слід проводити у вигляді пасивної й активної імунізації. Проведення пасивної імунізації рекомендують дітям, тоді як вакцинація переважно показана вагітним жінкам і людям похилого віку. Під час пасивної імунізації в дітей застосовують препарати, які містять рекомбінантні моноклональні RSV-нейтралізуючі антитіла, такі як палівізумаб і нірсевімаб. Палівізумаб вводять внутрішньом’язово один раз на місяць протягом усього сезону RSVI. Водночас у використанні нірсевімабу для досягнення профілактичного ефекту рекомендують лише одноразово вводити препарат. Тривалість профілактичної дії нірсевімабу обумовлена модифікацією молекули mAb, яка значно збільшує період напіввиведення mAb. Дітям першого півріччя життя, матері яких були щеплені під час вагітності, рекомендують щеплення вакциною «Абрисво» у період підвищеної захворюваності на RSVI. Для профілактики RSVI в людей похилого віку слід використовувати вакцини «Арексві» і «Абрисво», а вагітним жінкам – двовалентну субодиничну вакцину «Абрисво». Вважають, що впровадження нових профілактичних стратегій RSVI дає змогу значно знизити як рівень захворювання, так і ризик несприятливого перебігу цієї інфекції.
Автори заявляють про відсутність конфлікту інтересів.
Ключові слова: діти, профілактика респіраторно-синцитіальної вірусної інфекції.

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