Paediatric Surgery (Ukraine). 2025. 3(88): 135-148. doi: 10.15574/PS.2025.3(88).135148
Солейко Д. С.¹, Притула В. П.^2,3
1Вінницький національний медичний університет імені М.І. Пирогова, Україна
²Національний медичний університет імені О.О. Богомольця, м. Київ, Україна
³Національна дитяча спеціалізована лікарня «ОХМАТДИТ», м. Київ, Україна

Для цитування: Солейко ДС, Притула ВП. (2025). Експериментальні моделі in vivo в наукових дослідженнях актуальних питань хвороби Крона та інших запальних захворювань кишечника. Хірургія дитячого віку (Україна). 3(88): 135-148. doi: 10.15574/PS.2025.3(88).135148.
Стаття надійшла до редакції 05.07.2025 р., прийнята до друку 16.09.2025 р.

Актуальність наукових досліджень патофізіології, діагностування, лікування хвороби Крона (ХК) та інших запальних захворювань кишечника (ЗЗК) обумовлена підвищенням рівня захворюваності в усіх вікових групах і географічних регіонах. Експериментальні дослідження in vivo є невід’ємною частиною багатовекторного наукового пошуку.
Мета – визначення ролі видових особливостей біологічних об’єктів, характеристика методів індукції патологічного процесу в експериментальному відтворенні та дослідженні актуальних питань ХК, інших форм ЗЗК.
На підставі аналізу фахових літературних джерел проаналізовано і наведено переваги, які обумовлюють, а також недоліки, що обмежують використання біологічних видів в експериментальних дослідженнях. Розглянуто способи моделювання захворювань, індукційні субстрати і патофізіологічні зміни експериментального запального процесу кишечника. Висвітлено етичні норми, які обмежують і регламентують використання представників біологічних видів в експериментальних дослідженнях in vivo. Визначені особливості експериментальних біологічних об’єктів, які сприяють спонтанному початку захворювання, індукції та розвитку морфологічних змін, порушенню цілісності та вогнищевій деструкції епітеліального кишкового бар’єру, локальним патологічним імунним змінам, експресії прозапальних цитокінів, кількісно-якісним змінам мікробіома. Наведено практичні результати наукових досліджень із використанням кожного біологічного виду. Аргументована актуальність використання біологічних об`єктів в експериментальних дослідженнях актуальних питань ХК, інших форм ЗЗК на підставі відповідності етичним нормам, можливості одночасного дослідження декількох проблем в умовах однієї моделі, доведеної економічної ефективності та відповідності принципам доказової медицини. Визначена необхідність подальшого пошуку оптимального біологічного виду та методу індукції експериментального кишкового запалення у відповідності до форми захворювання та визначених завдань дослідження.
Автори заявляють про відсутність конфлікту інтересів.
Ключові слова: хвороба Крона, запальні захворювання кишечника, експериментальні моделі in vivo, експериментальні тварини.

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