Journal Health of Woman. 2025. 4(179): 10-15. doi: 10.15574/HW.2025.4(179).1015
Chernov А. V.
Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv

For citation: Chernov АV. (2025). Medical and social characteristics of pregnant women giving birth for the first time in different age groups. Ukrainian Journal Health of Woman. 4(179): 10-15. doi: 10.15574/HW.2025.4(179).1015
Article received: Jun 26, 2025. Accepted for publication: Sep 16, 2025.

Aim – to assess the significance of medical and social factors for the health of women giving birth for the first time, of different reproductive ages.
Materials and methods. The medical and social factors of women's health were analyzed according to the materials of 154 pregnancy and childbirth histories (form 096/0) of women giving birth for the first time, who were divided into groups according to age: Group I of the study – 78 pregnant women aged 20-29, Group II – 76 pregnant women aged 30-40. Statistical processing of research results was carried out using standard programs "Microsoft Excel 7.0" and "Statistica 8.0".
Results. Pregnant women in group II were significantly more likely to have higher education (72.4% of cases versus 53.8% of cases in group I); incomplete higher and secondary education was observed significantly less often in group II – 1.3% of cases versus 21.8% and 10.5% of cases versus 14.1% of cases in group I. The total number of harmful habits in group II was 60.5% of cases versus 41.0% of cases in group I. 47.4% of women in group II had a complicated reproductive history compared to 17.9% of women in group I; the total number of gynecological pathologies in group II was 123.7% (one woman has several gynecological diseases) of cases, compared to 62.7% of cases in group I, which is almost 2 times more common in women over 30 years old; A burdened somatic history was observed in 100.0% (each patient had a history of extragenital pathology) of cases in group II versus 44.8% in group I.
Conclusions. The following are the medical and social risk factors for the occurrence of obstetric and perinatal complications in women over 30 years of age who are giving birth for the first time: the presence of harmful habits, unregistered marriage, a burdened reproductive, obstetric-gynecological and somatic history.
The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the institution mentioned in the paper. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies.
No conflict of interests was declared by the author.
Keywords: pregnant women giving birth for the first time, reproductive age, social characteristics, somatic history, reproductive history, gynecological history.

REFERENCES

1. Brownfoot F, Rolnik D. (2024). Prevention of preeclampsia. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 93: 102481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2024.102481; PMid:38373378

2. Chang KJ, Seow KM, Chen KH. (2023, Feb 8). Preeclampsia: Recent Advances in Predicting, Preventing, and Managing the Maternal and Fetal Life-Threatening Condition. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 20(4): 2994. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042994; PMid:36833689 PMCid:PMC9962022

3. Coopland AT et al. (1977). A perinatal risk scoring system. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 129(2): 165-168.

4. Dennehy N, Lees C. (2022). Preeclampsia: Maternal cardiovascular function and optimising outcomes. Early Hum Dev. 174: 105669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2022.105669; PMid:36183566

5. Dines V, Šuvakov S, Kattah A et al. (2023). Preeclampsia and the Kidney: Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications. Compr Physiol. 13(1): 4231-4267. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2040-4603.2023.tb00249.x; PMid:36715282

6. D'Souza R, Roberts J, Kingdom J. (2023). Cesarean section rates in advanced maternal age. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 35(2): 162-168.

7. Erez O, Romero R, Jung E et al. (2022). Preeclampsia and eclampsia: the conceptual evolution of a syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 226(2S): S786-S803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2021.12.001; PMid:35177220 PMCid:PMC8941666

8. Han C, Chen Y, Dong J. (2021). Prothrombotic state associated with preeclampsia. Curr Opin Hematol. 28: 323-330. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOH.0000000000000678; PMid:34267080 PMCid:PMC8373789

9. Ives C, Sinkey R, I. Rajapreyar et al. (2020). Preeclampsia-Pathophysiology and Clinical Presentations: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 76(14): 1690-1702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.08.014; PMid:33004135

10. Khalil A, D'Souza R, Kulkarni A et al. (2020). Association between advanced maternal age and cesarean delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 222(3): 284-285.

11. Libanova E. Demographic challenges of Ukraine and ways to overcome them. Demography and Social Economy. 2023;1(51):3-22. https://doi.org/10.15407/dse2023.01.003

12. Ma'ayeh M, Costantine MM. (2020, Oct). Prevention of preeclampsia. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 25(5): 101123. Epub 2020 Jun 2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.siny.2020.101123; PMid:32513597 PMCid:PMC8236336

13. Miller D, Motomura K, Galaz J et al. (2021). Cellular immune responses in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. J Leukoc Biol. 111: 237-260. https://doi.org/10.1002/JLB.5RU1120-787RR; PMid:33847419 PMCid:PMC8511357

14. Mintser AP. (2018). Statisticheskie metodyi issledovaniya v klinicheskoy meditsine. Prakticheskaya meditsina. 3: 41-45.

15. Morais M, Morais-Almeida M, Silva M et al. (2021). The relationship between maternal age and adverse neonatal outcomes: a systematic review. J Perinat Med. 49(1): 15-23.

16. Opichka MA, Rappelt MW, Gutterman DD, Grobe JL, McIntosh JJ. (2021, Nov 6). Vascular Dysfunction in Preeclampsia. Cells. 10(11): 3055. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10113055; PMid:34831277 PMCid:PMC8616535

17. Poon LC, Son M, Zand M et al. (2022). Maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Network Open. 5(6): e2216515.

18. Roberts JM, Myatt L. (2021). Preeclampsia: A common multifactorial syndrome. Circ Res. 128(9): 1324-1339.

19. Roberts J. (2024). Preeclampsia epidemiology(ies) and pathophysiology(ies). Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 94: 102480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2024.102480; PMid:38490067

20. Tamas P, Farkas B, Betlehem J. (2025, Apr 6). Practical Considerations Concerning Preeclampsia Subgroups. J Clin Med. 14(7): 2498. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14072498; PMid:40217948 PMCid:PMC11989745

21. Wang Y, Li B, Zhao Y. (2022, Jul 8). Inflammation in Preeclampsia: Genetic Biomarkers, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Strategies. Front Immunol. 13: 883404. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.883404; PMid:35880174 PMCid:PMC9307876

22. World Bank. (2024). Life expectancy at birth, total (years) – Ukraine. Washington (DC): World Bank Group. URL: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN?locations=UA.