International Journal Rehabilitation and Palliative Medicine. 2023. 1(8): 100-104; doi 10.15574/IJRPM.2023.8.100
Rekalova E. M.
F.G. Yanovsky National Institute of Tuberculosis and Pulmonology of the NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv

COVID-19 is a new especial coronavirus infection that differs from other seasonal respiratory viral infections and can cause damage to many organs and body systems with long-term consequences. In typical cases, the acute period of the disease lasts up to 2 weeks, the recovery period increases to 6 weeks in 35% of patients, and it is observed for months in some patients. Respiratory symptoms (in >50% of patients), 35% – cardiac and 13% – neuropsychiatric symptoms are the most common after COVID-19. The main factors in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 are: block of ACE2 receptors by coronavirus; inadequate response of the immune system to infection (“cytokine storm”) with macrophage hyperactivity syndrome and simultaneous suppression of key parts of the immune system; the development of vasculitis with hypercoagulability and damage to many organs (extrapulmonary systemic hyperinflammation syndrome) with endothelial dysfunction, which may be an important factor in the severity and duration of COVID-19 symptoms. Organizing pneumonia with impaired diffusion of gases is the most common lung injury after COVID-19. Up to 30% of hospitalized patients show signs of myocardial damage. Often pathology of the central nervous system is observed due to potential direct and indirect mechanisms of damage, kidney pathology is too. SARS-CoV-2 may be a trigger for Kawasaki disease. The difficulty of further monitoring of patients with long-term consequences of COVID-19 is due to the need for specialists from various medical specialties and a multidisciplinary organization that would adequately meet today's needs. The long-term effects of COVID-19 continue to be studied.
No conflict of interests was declared by the author.
Keywords: coronavirus infection, COVID-19, complications, long-term consequences.

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