SOVREMENNAYA PEDIATRIYA.2018.2(90):98-108; doi 10.15574/SP.2018.90.98

Kvashnina L. V., Ihnatova T. B.
SI «Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology of NAMS of Ukraine», Kyiv, Ukraine

Objective — to study the state of lipid metabolism and the level of fatty acids in preschool children.
Material and methods. In total 28 apparently healthy children aged 3–6 years, who are the city-dwellers of Kyiv, were examined. A study of lipid metabolism parameters, including the serum concentrations of total cholesterol (CH), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoproteins (LDL), very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), high density lipoproteins (HDL), atherogenic index (AI) as well as the ω-3 PUFA level and the ω-6/ ω-3 PUFA ratio, was provided.
Results. In the apparently healthy children, a deficiency of the important for the child's organism components was found with a predominance of saturated fatty acids (39.6%), the level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was 32.6% and monounsaturated — 25.6%. Despite the sufficiently high level of PUFAs, signs of a severe imbalance of the main PUFAs with high level of ω-6 and deficiency of ω-3 were revealed. The ratio of PUFAs in children ranged from 1:6 to 1:85, the average ratio was 1:23, that is, an imbalance towards a sharp decrease in ω-3 PUFA was found (the normal value is 1:4 and the maximum allowable ratio is 1:9). The blood lipids showed violations in the form of various dyslipidaemia: the level of total cholesterol was above the norm in 76.9% of children, there was revealed limit and high values in 38.4% of cases. There was an increase in LDL in 23.07% of cases, and in 15.3% – limit or in 7.6% of cases high values. An increase in VLDL was revealed in 61.5% of children. The level of TG was above the norm in 61.53% of cases, marginal in 7.6% and high values in 53.8%. Considering the revealed violations, all children were administered the PUFAs as a diet supplement «Smart Omega for Children» at a dose of 1 capsule per day for 2 month. Lipid metabolism parameters after treatment indicated a positive effect of diet supplement containing PUFAs, which was manifested in the decrease in the total cholesterol level in 64.6% of cases, LDL — in 54.8%, TG — in 18.9% of children.
Conclusions. Apparently healthy preschool children have certain violations of the blood lipids due to an imbalance of important ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs towards a sharp decrease in ω-3 and increase in ω-6 level. In healthy preschool children, various violations of lipid metabolism were identified, which were as follows: the limits of the average values of TC and TG, the high LDL and VLDL values in comparison with the normal values that confirmed by the high correlation relationships between ω-3 (docosahexaenoic acid) and ω-6 (linoleic and hexadecadienoic acid), VLDL and TG. Against the background of taking the diet supplement «Smart Omega for Children», an improvement in the lipid profile of the blood in 86.2% of cases and quality of the PUFA composition towards an increase in ω-3 and a decrease in ω-6, which normalized the ω-3/ω-6 ratio up to 1:5.7.
Key words: children, polynonsaturated fatty acids, lipid metabolism, «Smart Omega for Children».

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