Journal Health of Woman. 2026. 1(182): 56-63. doi: 10.15574/HW.2026.1(182).5663
Chernov А. V., Serbeniuk А. V.
Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv

For citation: Chernov АV, Serbeniuk АV. (2026). Morphological and histological signs of placental abnormalities in women with preeclampsia giving birth for the first time. Ukrainian Journal Health of Woman. 1(182): 56-63. doi: 10.15574/HW.2026.1(182).5663
Стаття надійшла до редакції 09.12.2025 р.; прийнята до друку 18.02.2026 р.

Studying morphological and histological abnormalities in the placenta of women with preeclampsia (PE) who give birth for the first time is relevant and modern for the prediction and prevention of this complication.
Aim – to analyze morphological and histological changes in the placenta in women with PE giving birth for the first time, to predict and optimize obstetric tactics in them.
Materials and methods. A histological study of placentas was conducted in 58 women giving birth for the first time: the main group (MG) – 36 placentas from women with PE, the comparison group (CG) – 22 placentas from women without PE. For the morphological analysis of structural changes in the placenta, the following research methods were used: organometric, macroscopic, general histological.
Results. The average mass of placentas in MG was 391.21±11.82 g with a maternal surface area of 228.22±4.81 cm², in CG – 487.02±16.42 g, the maternal surface area was 284.16±8.16 cm², with linear dimensions of 16.2×14.1×2.2 cm and 17.4×16.3×3.8 cm, respectively, which reflects a significant decrease in organometric parameters in preeclampsia. The main structural changes in MG were recorded in the villous chorion: the predominance of signs of branched angiogenesis in the terminal villi of the chorion was determined; in the intervillous space of 6 (16.7%) placentas of MG women, there was a significant increased deposition of fibrinoid masses of different sizes and shapes; villi pathology – 7 (19.4%) cases; in 24 (66.7%) placentas there were pronounced syncytiocapillary membranes, there are a lot of them and they are combined with fibrinoid deposits, infarctions and are a clinical sign of chronic placental insufficiency.
Conclusions. Morphological and histological signs of placental disorders in the studied placentas and the degree of their severity indicate a significant impairment of placental blood flow, which initiates the development of adaptation and compensation processes; their sharp severity suggests the fact of insufficiency of compensatory and adaptive reactions in the placenta during PE in women giving birth for the first time.
The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The informed consent of the patients was obtained for conducting the studies.
No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Keywords: pregnancy in women giving birth for the first time, preeclampsia, morphological and immunohistochemical studies of the placenta, placental mass, villous chorion, terminal villi, intervillous fibrinoid.

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