SOVREMENNAYA PEDIATRIYA.2017.7(87):35-45; doi 10.15574/SP.2017.87.35

Gonchar M. O., Logvinova O. L., Senatorova G. S., Muratov G. R.
Kharkiv National Medical University, Ukraine
Communal Health Care Institution «Kharkiv Regional Children's Clinical Hospital», Ukraine

The pneumonia continues to be the most common cause of paediatric under-five mortality rate despite the decrease of its incidence rate. The purpose of this publication was to reduce the complications and mortality of children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in practice of family doctors, pediatricians, pediatric pulmonologists, thoracic surgeons, intensive care physicians with modern diagnostic and treatment recommendations. The article discusses issues of treatment, diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and surgical treatment. The choice of empiric therapy of CAP depends on the previous introduction of pneumococcal, Haemophilus influenzae type B and pertussis vaccination and respiratory syncytial viral passive immunization. In the laboratory diagnosis it is mandatory to carry out an express diagnosis of influenza virus and other respiratory viruses. Instrumental diagnostics of CAP necessarily includes pulseoximetry, frontal and lateral chest X-ray. The paper presents the regimens of empiric antibiotic therapy of CAP, antibacterial therapy of a specific pathogen infection and viral infection caused by influenza virus; recommended drugs, their dosage regimens depending on vaccination, child's age and body weight. Efficacy criteria and treatment duration of CAP, terms of discharge from the hospital, diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary complications are shown. Recommendations on prophylaxis of CAP including vaccination for preventing the development of CAP and its complications are presented.

Key words: children, community-acquired pneumonia, diagnosis, treatment.

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