HEALTH OF WOMAN. 2019.5(141): 38–41; doi 10.15574/HW.2019.141.38

Popkov A. V.
Medical Network «Dobrobut», Kiev

Menopausal urogenital syndrome (MMC), formerly known as vulvovaginal atrophy, atrophic vaginitis, or urogenital atrophy, is characterized by clinical symptoms secondary to their clinical manifestation. Genitourinary syndrome during menopause is a hypoestrogenic condition with consequences that affect the condition of the external genital organs, have an impact on sex life and the work of the urinary organs. In one way or another, the symptoms of MMC are manifested in a large number of women: they are noted by approximately 15% of women who were interviewed during the premenopausal period and about 40–54% of the patients during the postmenopausal period. In connection with life expectancy, which is increasing worldwide, this group of women will also expand at the expense of a group of patients over 65 years old, whose share will be 1/6 of the population by the next decade of the 21st century.
Thus, MMS is a complex disease, the presence of which is necessary for professionals to know in order to inform the patient in time in order to avoid long-term risks. Selection of therapy is always a balance between eliminating a medical problem, taking into account the risk profile for patients and improving their quality of life.

Key words: menopausal urogenital syndrome, atrophic vaginitis, urinary incontinence, chronic cystitis, local estrogens.

REFERENCES

Santiago Palacios. 2009, August  20.  Managing urogenital atrophy. Maturitas 63;4:315-318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2009.04.009; PMid:19493638

Marco Di Bonaventura, Xuemei Luo, Margaret Moffatt, Andrew G. Bushmakin, Maya Kumar, Joel Bobula The Association Between Vulvovaginal Atrophy Symptoms and Quality of Life Among Postmenopausal Women in the United States and Western Europe. Journal of Women’s Health 24;9. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2014.5177; PMid:26199981

Maire B, Mac Bride, Deborah J. Rhodes, Lynne T. Shuster. Jan, 2010. Vulvovaginal Atrophy, Mayo Clinic Proceedings 85;1:87-94. https://doi.org/10.4065/mcp.2009.0413; PMid:20042564 PMCid:PMC2800285

Nappi RE & Kokot-Kierepa M. Vaginal Health: Insights, Views & Attitudes (VIVA) – results from an international survey:36-44. https://doi.org/10.3109/13697137.2011.647840; PMid:22168244

Gin-Den Chen, Rush H Oliver, Вenjamin S Leung, Long-Yau, John Yeh. 1999, June.  Estrogen receptor α and β expression in the vaginal walls and uterosacral ligaments of premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Fertility and Sterility 71;6:1099-1102. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(99)00113-2

Dudley Robinson, Linda D Cardozoa. 2003, Oct. The role of estrogens in female lower urinary tract dysfunction. Urology 62;4;1:45-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0090-4295(03)00676-9

Hyun-Kyung Kim, So-Yeon Kang, Youn-Jee Chung, Jang-Heub Kim and Mee-Ran Kim. 2015, Aug. The Recent Review of the Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause. J.Menopausal Med. 21(2): 65–71. https://doi.org/10.6118/jmm.2015.21.2.65; PMid:26357643 PMCid:PMC4561742

Cardozo L, Bachmann G, McClish D, Fonda D, Birgerson L. 1998, Oct. Meta-analysis of estrogen therapy in the management of urogenital atrophy in postmenopausal women: second report of the Hormones and Urogenital Therapy Committee. Obstet. Gynecol. 92(4;2):722-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0029-7844(98)00175-6

Brockie J. 2013, Nov 20-26. Managing menopausal symptoms: hot flushes and night sweats. Nurs Stand. 28(12):48-53. https://doi.org/10.7748/ns2013.11.28.12.48.e8067; PMid:24251515

Rueda C, Osorio AM, Avellaneda AC, Pinzón CE, Restrepo O. 2017, Aug. The efficacy and safety of estriol to treat vulvovaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women: a systematic literature review. Climacteric. 20(4):321-330. https://doi.org/10.1080/13697137.2017.1329291; PMid:28622049

Crandall CJ et al. 2018, Jan. Breast cancer, endometrial cancer, and cardiovascular events in participants who used vaginal estrogen in the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study. Menopause 25 (1):11-20. https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000000956; PMid:28816933 PMCid:PMC5734988

Crandall CJ et al. 2018. Menopause 25(1): 11-20. https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000000956; PMid:28816933 PMCid:PMC5734988