SOVREMENNAYA PEDIATRIYA.2018.1(89):64-72; doi 10.15574/SP.2018.89.64

Kvashnina L. V., Ignatova T. B.
SI "Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology of NAMS of Ukraine", Kyiv

Objective: to study the features of lipid metabolism in healthy children of primary school age.
Material and methods. A comprehensive examination of 209 healthy children aged 619 years was carried out with the determination of the following blood values: total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins, very low-density lipoproteins, high-density lipoproteins, apolipoproteins (A1 and B) and their ratio. The assessment of the body-weight index was based on the child's age and height. An assessment of the family history, physical activity, nature and nutrition regimen was conducted by using questionnaires.
Results. Different disorders of lipid metabolism were detected in 70.5% of children: the increasing of total cholesterol in blood was revealed in 41.17% of children and low-density lipoproteins – in 26.5% of cases; the reduction of high-density lipoproteins was detected in 17.6% of children, and the increased atherogenic index was found in 11.8% of cases. Hypertriglyceridaemia was determined in 20.6% of children. Different types of combined dyslipidaemia were observed in 45.5% of cases. Analysing the questionnaires, the violation of diet quality and nutrition regimen, hypodynamia, burdened family history, various functional disorders of children's health were revealed.
Conclusions. A group of healthy children of the primary schoo- age regarding the lipid metabolism has different types of dyslipidaemia. The ratio of ApoB/ApoA1 is the most informative marker for cardiovascular disorders and endothelial dysfunction. One of the cardiovascular risk factors is obesity, which was observed in 13.9% of children and overweight – in 5.6% of children. The peculiarity of lipid metabolism in this group of children was significant hypertriglyceridaemia in 15.4% of children. There was a violation of the nutrition regimen and the main ingredient balance with the significant deficit of vegetable fat intake in all examined children. The revealed changes of lipid metabolism and life peculiarities of modern schoolchildren are modified factors that contribute to the development of cardiovascular disorders and require early correction during all periods of childhood.
Key words: children, dyslipidaemia, risk factors.

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