SOVREMENNAYA PEDIATRIYA.2016.2(74):46-55; doi 10.15574/SP.2016.74.46 

Interstitial lung diseases in children (Review of Foreign Literature). Part 1. ILD disease entities, which are found mainly in infants (0-2 years) 

Okhotnikova O. M., Tkacheva T. N., Gorbatyuk O. I.

The National Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kyiv, Ukraine 

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) in infants and children comprises a large spectrum of rare respiratory disorders that are mostly chronic and associated with high morbidity and mortality. These disorders are characterized by inflammatory and fibrotic changes that affect alveolar walls. Children with these conditions typically present with tachypnea, crackles, and hypoxemia. Recent advances have been made in the identification of different types of PILD that are unique to infancy. More exciting has been the discovery of genetic abnormalities of surfactant function, now described in both children and adults. Several classifications for ILD have been proposed but none is entirely satisfactory especially in children. The following diagnostic grouping is used to discuss the various causes of paediatric ILD: 1) exposure-related ILD; 2) systemic disease-associated ILD; 3) alveolar structure disorder-associated ILD; and 4) ILD specific to infancy. The present article reviews different types of PILD, current diagnostic approaches, as well as therapeutic strategies. The article is divided into three parts. The first part describes the ILD disease entities, which are found mainly in infants; Part 2 is devoted to the diseases in older children (2–18 years), in which the clinic has a chronic pulmonary parenchymal process; in the third part provides information on the methods and approaches of diagnosis as well as treatment strategies. 

Key words: Interstitial lung disease, children, classifications, diagnostics, treatment. 

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