Ukrainian Journal Health of Woman. 2026. 2(183): 108-113. doi: 10.15574/HW.2026.2(183).108113
Deket M. M.¹, Velyka A. Ya.^2
1Uzhhorod National University, Ukraine
²Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine

For citation: Deket MM, Velyka AYa. (2026). Gender-specific features of the prognostic value of pro-inflammatory biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes and COVID-19. Ukrainian Journal Health of Woman. 2(183): 108-113. doi: 10.15574/HW.2026.2(183).108113
Article received: Jan 03, 2026. Accepted for publication: Mar 22, 2026.

Gender-specific features of the pro-inflammatory response in patients with type 2 diabetes (DT2) during COVID-19 are an urgent problem of modern medicine, due to the high prevalence of metabolic disorders, adverse course of infection and differences in the immune response depending on gender. Of particular importance are pro-inflammatory biomarkers that reflect the intensity of systemic inflammation, allow predicting the severity of the disease course, the development of complications, and can be used for risk stratification in men and women with DT2.
Aim – to carry out a systematic analysis of modern scientific data on sex-specific features of the prognostic value of pro-inflammatory biomarkers in patients with DT2 in the presence of COVID-19 and to determine their role in predicting the severity of the course and clinical consequences of the disease.
Summarizing the results of modern research shows that the levels of interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, ferritin, tumor necrosis factor alpha, D-dimer, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio are closely associated with the severity of the course of COVID-19 in patients with DT2. The presence of sex-specific features of the immune and inflammatory response, which can influence the prognostic value of certain biomarkers regarding the risk of hospitalization to the intensive care unit, the development of multiple organ failure, and fatal outcomes, has been established. The analysis of literature sources confirms the expediency of a comprehensive assessment of biomarkers, taking into account the gender of patients, to increase the accuracy of predicting the clinical course of COVID-19.
Conclusions. The prognostic value of pro-inflammatory biomarkers in patients with DT2 depends not only on the severity of systemic inflammation, but also on sex-specific features of the immune response. The use of a comprehensive approach to the assessment of laboratory indicators, taking into account gender, can contribute to early prediction of the adverse course of COVID-19, optimization of clinical monitoring and personalization of treatment tactics.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Keywords: COVID-19, type 2 diabetes, proinflammatory biomarkers, gender differences, systemic inflammation, prognosis, systematic review.

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