Journal Health of Woman. 2026. 3(184): 29-38. doi: 10.15574/HW.2026.3(184).2938
Javanshir P. A.
Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku

For citation: Javanshir PA. (2026). Diagnosis and selection of treatment methods for endometrial polyps in reproductive and postmenopausal women. Ukrainian Journal Health of Woman. 3(184): 29-38. doi: 10.15574/HW.2026.3(184).2938
Article received: Mar 19, 2026. Accepted for publication: Jun 01, 2026.

Endometrial polyps are common focal endometrial lesions that may be asymptomatic or associated with abnormal uterine bleeding, pelvic discomfort, and impaired reproductive function. Timely diagnosis is important to plan appropriate management.
Aim – to assess the clinical and morphological characteristics and management outcomes of endometrial polyps in reproductive and postmenopausal women.
Materials and methods. The study was conducted in 2024-2025 and included 68 women aged 35-55 years with morphologically confirmed endometrial polyps. Clinical symptoms, reproductive history, menopausal status, polyp number and size, associated gynecological and somatic factors, and treatment outcomes were evaluated. Diagnosis was based on transvaginal ultrasonography, sonohysterography, and hysteroscopy with targeted biopsy. Twenty-eight patients received hormonal therapy, and 40 were initially managed expectantly.
Results. Polyp regression occurred in 28/68 (41.2%) patients, more frequently with hormonal therapy than with expectant management (22/28 (78.6%) vs 6/40 (15.0%)). Patients with regression were younger, whereas body mass index and parity were not associated with outcome. Abnormal uterine bleeding occurred in 41/68 (60.0%), pain/discomfort in 23/68 (34.0%), and an asymptomatic course in 7/68 (10.3%). Single polyps predominated (49/68; 72.1%). Larger and multiple polyps tended to be more symptomatic, although differences by polyp number were not statistically significant. Hysteroscopic surgical techniques showed high reported clinical and ultrasound effectiveness (96.3-99.0%) without intraoperative complications; total endometrial resection required longer operating time.
Conclusion. Hormonal therapy was associated with a higher probability of polyp regression than expectant management. Hysteroscopy remains central to diagnosis and surgical treatment. Management should be individualized according to age, symptoms, reproductive plans, polyp characteristics, and comorbidities, with follow-up because recurrence may occur.
The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent from women was obtained for the study.
The author declares no conflict of interest.
Keywords: endometrial polyps, hysteroscopy, abnormal uterine bleeding, hormonal therapy, polypectomy, infertility, postmenopause.

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