Modern Pediatrics. Ukraine. (2022). 3(123): 55-65. doi 10.15574/SP.2022.123.55
Ющенко Л. А., Олейник В. С., Тихолаз О. В., Мантак Г. И., Тихолаз В. А.
Винницкий национальный медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова, Украина

Для цитирования: Yushchenko LO, Oliynyk VS, Tikholaz ОV, Mantak GI, Tikholaz VО. (2022). The main issues of children and adolescents vaccination against COVID-19. Modern Pediatrics. Ukraine. 3(123): 55-65. doi 10.15574/SP.2022.123.55.
Статья поступила в редакцию 28.02.2022 г., принята в печать 19.04.2022 г.

На основе накопленных научных данных определены основные принципы специфической иммунопрофилактики COVID-19 у детей и подростков. Установлено, что только две вакцины — Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) «Comirnaty» и Moderna mRNA-1273 «Spikevax» — одобрены ВОЗ для экстренного применения у детей и только первая из них разрешена к использованию в Украине.
По данным результатов клинических исследований, обе вакцины имеют доказанный профиль безопасности и эффективности. Существующий сегодня анализ нежелательных явлений после вакцинации Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) «Comirnaty» и Moderna mRNA-1273 «Spikevax» указывает на благоприятное клиническое течение местных, системных реакций и поствакцинального миокардита с регрессом симптомов у всех пациентов. Риск мультисистемного воспалительного синдрома у детей после острой инфекции, возможность других неблагоприятных последствий инфекции SARS-CoV-2, вероятность тяжелого заболевания у детей с сопутствующими заболеваниями остаются веские причины для вакцинации детей и превышают риски возможных неблагоприятных событий после иммунизации.
С позиции глобального дефицита вакцин в мире программы иммунизации должны быть сосредоточены на группах с высоким риском госпитализации и смерти в соответствии с Дорожной картой по внедрению вакцины от острой респираторной болезни COVID-19. Вакцинация против COVID-19 детей с имеющимися факторами риска, сопутствующими заболеваниями, иммунодефицитными состояниями является приоритетной. Прежде чем перейти к вакцинации детей и подростков с низким риском тяжелого заболевания, следует проводить активное выявление детей из групп высокого риска и предлагать им вакцинацию с обоснованием важности ее проведения.
Несмотря на широкое внедрение вакцинации, нужно соблюдать соответствующие профилактические меры для борьбы с COVID-19, в том числе физическое дистанцирование, частое мытье рук, ношение масок.
Чрезвычайно важно поддерживать высокие уровни охвата вакцинацией против других инфекционных заболеваний и не отсрочивать плановую вакцинацию детей.
Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.
Ключевые слова: вакцинация, COVID-19, дети.ЛИТЕРАТУРА

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