• Существует ли идеальная диета, защищающая от дефицита йода?
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Существует ли идеальная диета, защищающая от дефицита йода?

Krela—Ka’zmierczak Iwona 1, Czarnywojtek Agata 2,3, Skoracka Kinga 1, Rychter Anna Maria 1, Ratajczak Alicja Ewa 1, Szymczak—Tomczak Aleksandra 1, Ruchala Marek 2, Dobrowolska Agnieszka 1

1Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Heliodor Swiecicki Hospital, 60–355 Poznan, Poland; krela@op.pl (I.K._K.); a.m.rychter@gmail.com (A.M.R.);alicjaewaratajczak@gmail.com (A.E.R.); aleksandra.szymczak@o2.pl (A.S._T.); agdob@ump.edu.pl (A.D.)
2
Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences,60–355 Poznan, Poland; agata.rat@wp.pl (A.C.); mruchala@ump.edu.pl (M.R.)
3Department of Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60–806 Poznan, Poland

Received: 13 December 2020. Accepted: 1 February 2021. Published: 4 February 2021

Copyright: ©2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Nutrients. 2021, 13, 513. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020513

https://www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients

Дефицит йода является глобальной проблемой, которая касается около 2 млрд людей во всем мире, причем беременные женщины относятся к группе повышенного риска. Профилактика йодной недостаточности началась в ХХ в. и стартовала с глобальных программ йодирования соли, направленных на повышение уровня потребления йода во всем мире. Хотя это и привело к эффективному искоренению эндемического зоба, похоже, что йодирование соли не решило всех проблем. В настоящее время рекомендовано ограничение потребления соли, являющейся основным источником йода, с целью профилактики неинфекционных заболеваний, распространенность которых растет, таких как гипертония или рак. Несмотря на то, что существуют другие источники йода, такие как рыба, морепродукты, молочные продукты, вода и овощи, высокий уровень потребления обработанных пищевых продуктов с высоким содержанием неионизированной соли, альтернативные диеты и ограниченное потребление соли все же могут привести к дефициту йода. Таким образом, дефицит йода остается актуальной проблемой, которая требует новых профилактических решений. Однако, похоже, что не существует диеты, которая бы полностью покрыла потребность в йоде, а добавление йода в еду все же является необходимым.
Ключевые слова: йодная недостаточность, диета, йод, вегетарианская диета, альтернативная диета.

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