Modern Pediatrics. Ukraine. (2022). 7(127): 69-80. doi 10.15574/SP.2022.127.69
Шарикадзе Е. В.
Национальный университет здравоохранения Украины имени П.Л. Шупика, г. Киев

Для цитирования: Sharikadze OV. (2022). Review and expert evaluation of the materials of the European meeting on hypersensitivity to drugs (DHM 2022). Modern Pediatrics. Ukraine. 7(127): 69-80. doi 10.15574/SP.2022.127.69.
Статья поступила в редакцию 30.08.2022 г., принята в печать 15.11.2022 г.

Представлены современные данные о механизмах развития реакций лекарственной гиперчувствительности (РГЧ). Актуальность проблемы связана с широкой распространенностью побочных реакций на лекарства, в структуре которых большую часть занимают иммунные аллергические реакции. Неблагоприятные побочные реакции на медикаменты, по данным литературы, встречаются у 10-20% госпитализированных пациентов и около 25% амбулаторных пациентов. Серьезная проблема РГЧ — гипердиагностика, которая влияет на результаты индивидуального лечения и может иметь серьезные последствия в случае ошибочно установленного диагноза, так как вызывает соответствующие ограничения в использовании необходимых препаратов.
Цель — проанализировать современные взгляды и рекомендации, посвященные проблеме медикаментозной аллергии; рассмотрены вопросы митинга 2022 года, который освещал проблемы гиперчувствительности к лекарству. В частности, показана взаимосвязь вирусных инфекций и тяжелых кожных реакций, таких как синдром поражения кожи с эозинофилией и системными расстройствами. Рассмотрены и предложены к использованию алгоритмы, с помощью которых можно предотвратить развитие осложнений, вызванных РГЧ. Материалы статьи основаны на результатах Европейского митинга, организованного Европейской ассоциацией аллергологов и иммунологов в 2022 году в городе Верона, Италия.
В выводах отмечено, что, несмотря на заинтересованность системы здравоохранения и большое количество исследований и публикаций по проблеме медикаментозной аллергии, на сегодняшний день остро стоит потребность в точных диагностических подходах, которые обеспечат верную идентификацию предполагаемого препарата с помощью комбинации необходимых тестов и определят причину для возможности назначение соответствующего лечения. Рассмотрены в обзоре новые механизмы, фенотипы и эндотипы РГЧ — будущие ключи к предотвращению дальнейшего их возможного воздействия. Будущим для Украины может стать предварительный фармакогеномный скрининг (определение специфических генотипов человеческого лейкоцитарного антигена, связанных с тяжелыми кожными побочными реакциями) для пациентов определенных групп перед назначением препаратов высокого риска.
Автор заявляет об отсутствии конфликта интересов.
Ключевые слова: лекарство, гиперчувствительность, вирусы, герпес, COVID-19, вакцины, кожа, иммунная система.
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